急診短講012 ─ 關於High dose PPI
針對非靜脈曲張的上消化道出血,常聽到要使用高劑量的PPI,至於高到多少,來看一下證據吧!
【先講結論:針對尚未執行上消化道鏡之前,有大量上消化道出血的病人,給予80mg PPI是個合理的選擇。做完上消化道鏡之後,針對非靜脈曲張的上消化道出血,給予PPI infusion (8 mg/hr for 3 days) 和 intermittent PPI (40 mg twice daily) 之間,沒有很大的差異。運用之妙,存乎一心。】
本文僅針對高風險的出血性潰瘍,包括 active bleeding (I), nonbleeding visible vessels (IIa, NBVV), and adherent clots (IIb) [ () 內為 forrest classification]
也就是P = high-risk bleeding ulcers (active bleeding, nonbleeding visible vessels, and adherent clots)
主要引用Review: An update on the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. [Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2023 Mar 20:11:goad011.]
ACG guidelines [Am J Gastroenterol 2021;116:899–917.]
Based on 7 RCTs and high-quality evidence
I= high-dose PPI (defined as ≥80 mg daily for 3 days)
C= placebo or no treatment (沒有使用PPI或其他治療,這..沒有武德)
O= further bleeding (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33–0.56),
mortality (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.22–0.79), surgery (0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.71)
跟不治寮組比較,高劑量PPI顯然有壓倒性好處!
[JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Nov;174(11):1755-62.]
meta-analysis of 13 RCTs
I= Intermittent PPI therapy (40mg twice daily)
C= PPI infusion (80 mg bolus followed by 8 mg/hour infusion for 3 days)
O: all comparable
rebleeding within 7 days, RR 0.74 (0.52-1.06)
need for urgent intervention, mortality, RBC transfusion, length of hospital stay.
跟高劑量PPI組比較,間歇性PPI組治療,有可匹配的效果!
[Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;38:721–8.]
meta-analysis of 13 RCTs comparing these two PPI regimens in patients with confirmed high-risk bleeding ulcers.
I= Intermittent PPI therapy (40mg twice daily)
non-inferior to
C= PPI infusion (80 mg bolus followed by 8 mg/hour infusion for 3 days)
O: rebleeding, mortality, and urgent interventions.
間歇性PPI組治療效果,不劣於高劑量PPI組
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