Overviews:
00: GRADE guidelines: a new series of articles in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;64(4):380-2.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.011.
Epub 2010 Dec 24. PubMed PMID: 21185693.
10-13 GRADE guidelines-an introduction to the 10th-13th articles in the series.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Feb;66(2):121-3.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.05.011.
Epub 2012 Sep 9. PubMed PMID: 22968177.
Monographs:
01: GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;64(4):383-94.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026.
Epub 2010 Dec 31. PubMed PMID: 21195583.
02: GRADE guidelines: 2. Framing the question and deciding on important outcomes.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;64(4):395-400.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.012.
Epub 2010 Dec 30. PubMed PMID: 21194891.
03: GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;64(4):401-6.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015.
Epub 2011 Jan 5. PubMed PMID: 21208779.
04: GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence--study limitations (risk of bias).
J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;64(4):407-15.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017.
Epub 2011 Jan 19. PubMed PMID: 21247734.
05: GRADE guidelines: 5. Rating the quality of evidence--publication bias.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;64(12):1277-82.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.01.011.
Epub 2011 Jul 30. PubMed PMID: 21802904.
06: GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence--imprecision.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;64(12):1283-93.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.01.012.
Epub 2011 Aug 11. PubMed PMID: 21839614.
07: GRADE guidelines: 7. Rating the quality of evidence--inconsistency.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;64(12):1294-302.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.03.017.
Epub 2011 Jul 31. PubMed PMID: 21803546.
08: GRADE guidelines: 8. Rating the quality of evidence--indirectness.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;64(12):1303-10.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.04.014.
Epub 2011 Jul 30. PubMed PMID: 21802903.
09: GRADE guidelines: 9. Rating up the quality of evidence.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;64(12):1311-6.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.06.004.
Epub 2011 Jul 30. PubMed PMID: 21802902.
10: GRADE guidelines: 10. Considering resource use and rating the quality of economic evidence.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Feb;66(2):140-50.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.04.012.
Epub 2012 Aug 3. Review. PubMed PMID: 22863410.
11: GRADE guidelines: 11. Making an overall rating of confidence in effect estimates for a single outcome and for all outcomes.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Feb;66(2):151-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.01.006.
Epub 2012 Apr 27. Review. PubMed PMID: 22542023.
12: GRADE guidelines: 12. Preparing summary of findings tables-binary outcomes.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Feb;66(2):158-72.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.01.012.
Epub 2012 May 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 22609141.
13: GRADE guidelines: 13. Preparing summary of findings tables and evidence profiles-continuous outcomes.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Feb;66(2):173-83.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.08.001. Epub 2012 Oct 30.
Review. Erratum in: J Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Apr;68(4):475. PubMed PMID: 23116689.
14: GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance
and presentation of recommendations.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Jul;66(7):719-25.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.03.013.
Epub 2013 Jan 9. PubMed PMID: 23312392.
15: GRADE guidelines: 15. Going from evidence to recommendation-determinants of a recommendation's direction and strength.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Jul;66(7):726-35.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.02.003.
Epub 2013 Apr 6. PubMed PMID: 23570745.
16: GRADE Guidelines: 16. GRADE evidence to decision frameworks for tests in clinical practice and public health.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2016 Aug;76:89-98.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.032.
Epub 2016 Feb 27. PubMed PMID: 26931285.
17: GRADE guidelines 17: assessing the risk of bias associated with missing participant outcome data in a body of evidence.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2017 Jul;87:14-22.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.05.005.
Epub 2017 May 18. PubMed PMID: 28529188.
18: GRADE guidelines: 18. How ROBINS-I and other tools to assess risk of bias in nonrandomized studies should be used to rate the certainty of a body of evidence.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Feb 9. pii: S0895-4356(17)31031-4.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.01.012.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29432858.
19: GRADE Guidelines: 19. Assessing the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes or values and preferences-Risk of bias and indirectness.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Feb 13. pii: S0895-4356(17)31036-3.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.01.013.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29452223.
20: GRADE guidelines: 20. Assessing the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes or values and preferences-inconsistency, imprecision, and other domains.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2018 May 22. pii: S0895-4356(17)31061-2.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.05.011.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29800687.
...
氣喘噴劑 列表
氣喘噴劑 列表
● SABA
Ventolin inhaler 100 mcg/d, 200d
(salbutamol) 1 puff tidprn
● CS/ LABA
Foster inh. 100/6 mcg/d, 120d
(beclomethasone, formoterol) rapid onset and long duration
Seretide 125 evohaler 125/25 mcg,
(fluticasone propionate, salmeterol)
Seretide 250 evohaler 250/25 mcg,
(fluticasone propionate, salmeterol)
Symbicort * turbuhaler 120 dose 160/4.5 mcg
(budesonide, formoterol)
● LAMA/ LABA:
Berodual MDI 200 puff 20/50 mcg, 200 puff
(ipratropium, fenoterol)
● LAMA
Spiriva inh. 2.5 mcg/puff, 60 puff
(tiotropium) 1puff qd
Equivalent doses:
Beclomethasone 400 mcg = Fluticasone 200 mcg =
Mometasone 200/400 mcg = Budesonide 400 mcg =
Ciclesonide 160 mcg = Clenil 400 mcg = Qvar 200 mcg.
Binding affinity, reference Dexamethasone 100;
Budesonide 935; Ciclesonide 1200;
Beclomethasone 1345; Fluticasone propionate 1775;
Mometasone 2100; Fluticasone furoate 2980.
.
● SABA
Ventolin inhaler 100 mcg/d, 200d
(salbutamol) 1 puff tidprn
● CS/ LABA
Foster inh. 100/6 mcg/d, 120d
(beclomethasone, formoterol) rapid onset and long duration
Seretide 125 evohaler 125/25 mcg,
(fluticasone propionate, salmeterol)
Seretide 250 evohaler 250/25 mcg,
(fluticasone propionate, salmeterol)
Symbicort * turbuhaler 120 dose 160/4.5 mcg
(budesonide, formoterol)
● LAMA/ LABA:
Berodual MDI 200 puff 20/50 mcg, 200 puff
(ipratropium, fenoterol)
● LAMA
Spiriva inh. 2.5 mcg/puff, 60 puff
(tiotropium) 1puff qd
Beclomethasone 400 mcg = Fluticasone 200 mcg =
Mometasone 200/400 mcg = Budesonide 400 mcg =
Ciclesonide 160 mcg = Clenil 400 mcg = Qvar 200 mcg.
Binding affinity, reference Dexamethasone 100;
Budesonide 935; Ciclesonide 1200;
Beclomethasone 1345; Fluticasone propionate 1775;
Mometasone 2100; Fluticasone furoate 2980.
.
實證醫學大哉問
實證醫學 3E4Q5A 中
5A 的第一個 A = Ask 大哉問！
問聚焦的、臨床上可以回答的問題。
需先釐清問題的型式，包括：
PICO (治療、預防)
P: patient, population, problem...
需考量精確的定義、嚴重度、分類、期別...等
I: intervention
所關注的介入措施，包括方式、劑量、期間...等
C: comparison
比較的介入措施，包括方式、劑量、期間...等
如果沒有，仍需依當時之標準程序處置
是否有 placebo 或 sham procedure
O: outcome
major/primary: 病人在乎的結果，例如死亡、殘障失能等
minor/secondary: 較輕微或罕見結果、或是檢驗數值等。
adverse effects: 介入的副作用
complications: 疾病的併發症
PEO (病因、危害)
P: patient, population, problem...
E: exposure
暴露的強度、期間、劑量...等
O: outcome
PIRD (診斷)
P: patient, population, problem...
I: index test
R: reference test
參考標準，或稱黃金標準
D: diagnostic test accuracy
sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio
ROC curve
CoCoPop (發生率、盛行率)
Co: condition
disease, symptom, event, factor...
Co: context
geographical, community, cultural...
Pop: population
...
5A 的第一個 A = Ask 大哉問！
問聚焦的、臨床上可以回答的問題。
需先釐清問題的型式，包括：
PICO (治療、預防)
P: patient, population, problem...
需考量精確的定義、嚴重度、分類、期別...等
I: intervention
所關注的介入措施，包括方式、劑量、期間...等
C: comparison
比較的介入措施，包括方式、劑量、期間...等
如果沒有，仍需依當時之標準程序處置
是否有 placebo 或 sham procedure
O: outcome
major/primary: 病人在乎的結果，例如死亡、殘障失能等
minor/secondary: 較輕微或罕見結果、或是檢驗數值等。
adverse effects: 介入的副作用
complications: 疾病的併發症
PEO (病因、危害)
P: patient, population, problem...
E: exposure
暴露的強度、期間、劑量...等
O: outcome
PIRD (診斷)
P: patient, population, problem...
I: index test
R: reference test
參考標準，或稱黃金標準
D: diagnostic test accuracy
sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio
ROC curve
CoCoPop (發生率、盛行率)
Co: condition
disease, symptom, event, factor...
Co: context
geographical, community, cultural...
Pop: population
...
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